Public Health Nursing - 911 Words

According to the author, the assumptions to action research prior to the process were mostly based on the perception that of Public Health Nursing as just caring for the sick. The author focuses on nursing roles in providing care to help solve the complex problems that is threatening the southern state of Virginia. However, after carrying out the research on the various evolutionary stages, it was discovered that Public Health Nursing was more than that. Also, the author assumed the need to emphasize collaboration and partnerships with communities and populations. As such, it involved the understanding of cultures, politics, economics and other psychosocial problems which in one way or the other affected the people’s health. These core competencies are necessary to implement community participatory in health promotion. The central complex problems include the frail elderly population, teen mothers, homeless individuals, smokers, overweight or obesity and youth substance use an d prevention (Kulbok, Thatcher, Park, Meszaros, 2012). Kulbok, et. al, (2012), define public health nursing practice as â€Å"the perspective, knowledge base, and the focus of care, rather than by the site in which these nurses practice. Additionally, from the author’s point of view she found out that Public Health Nursing (PHN) is a type of model that encompasses a one-way flow of resources from a nurse to a patient. The participatory action research involved the community or the focused-populationShow MoreRelatedNursing And Public Health Nursing1537 Words   |  7 PagesName three historical nursing leaders and explain how their contributions impacted community/public health nursing. When it comes to nursing, there have been and are a number of individuals that have made a difference in nursing and have made a positive impact on nursing itself. Some of these impacts are still around and used today. There were a number of nurses who made a positive impact and made a difference in the lives of others and have saved lives as well. Without these nurses, hospitals andRead MoreHealth Of Public Health Nursing Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPublic health nursing focus on a community that the nurse identifies the health issues facing that population and try to figure out ways to find a solution to those health problems for the community s population. Although areas in public health such as having access and cost still pose a great problem, community based care has made an impact on the contemporary practice of nursing. One of the leaders of public health nursing was Lilian D. Wald. Lilian Wald was a nurse, social reformer, and advocateRead MorePublic Health and Occupatio nal Health Nursing732 Words   |  3 PagesPublic Health and Occupational Health Nursing The history of nursing is one of continual growth and development. The development of public health nursing as a profession is no different. The purpose of this paper is to look at how public health nursing has progressed and examine the impact it has had on contemporary work environments. History of Public Health Nursing Each generation brought with it new challenges, and public health nursing grew, along with other nursing professionsRead MoreHistory Of Public Health Nursing880 Words   |  4 Pages The public health nurse has been called the leader in making improvements in the quality of health care for individuals, families, populations and communities (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). As it has been stated nurses from around the world collaborate with one another and found that their population centered nursing share more similarities than differences (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Nurses who work outside of an institutional setting has been referred to as public health nurses, visiting nursesRead MoreThe Concepts Of Public Health Nursing Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pageswill define the issue based on the concepts of public health nursing, identify the ethical principle that is related to it, describe both sides of the issue and choose one side, and suggest a call to action for the problem. According to Poon (2014) there are approximately 60,000 unaccompanied children who have crossed illegally into the U.S. The growing number of unaccompanied illegal children crossing the country produce various issues. The public health and the humanitarian issues are one of the manyRead MoreFormal Definitions Of Public Health Nursing Essay1769 Words   |  8 Pagesthe earliest reference to public health nursing While there are several formal definitions of the public health nursing, Lillian Wald, who is considered to be one of the first public health nurses in the United States, said that it as â€Å"love in action, and there is no finer manifestation of it than the care of the poor and disabled in the own homes† (Masters, 2014, p.32). In 1983, with the help of her colleague, Mary Brewster, she established a first independent public nursing service called Henry StreetRead MorePublic Health and Community Nursing Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Layers NUR 408 April 23, 2012 Deborah Nallo Public Health Layers The focus of Public Health continues to shift with time because of various social, economic, and political forces. Exploring the public health layers of history in the Los Angeles County, State of California, and the United States, and a comparison between public and community health nursing is the beginning to increasing our knowledge toward resources available. The history of public health in the county of LosRead MoreCommunity and Public Health Nursing Reflection Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Courtney Austin NUR/405 8/11/2014 Community and Public Health Nursing Reflection Maricopa community schools are the local schools for the Gila River Indian Community. Native American children attending these schools are generally obese and do not participate in extra-curricular activities. The Leading Health Indicator (LHI) that applies is Children and adolescents who are considered obese. Recognizing this LHI, nursing diagnoses can be generatedRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 PagesVisiting home health nurses are a well-known profession and becoming more popular as time grows. The service of public health nursing was carried out on the frontier by nurses under the name of â€Å"Visiting nurse services† which were part of the late 19th century health reform out of ‘The Henry Street House’ in 1893, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. They held many roles outside of nursing, those roles and missions and struggles will be discussed. The HenryRead MoreCommunity And Public Health Nursing1852 Words   |  8 PagesPaper 2 Abstract The focus of this paper is to describe community and public health nursing as it pertains to the disease, Malaria. Major concepts discussed include genomics, funding, laws and legislation, community education, and the role of the public health nurse. Final Position Paper 3 Discussion Malaria is one of the â€Å"most severe public health problems worldwide† (Impact of Malaria, 2014). According to the Centers for Disease Control

Youth Participation In Gangs Essay - 1141 Words

Youth participation in gangs actually decreased from 1996 to 2004, but the violence within these gangs has not. Homicides committed by youth gang members still remain as a monumental problem across the United States of America. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reported in its 2004 survey of youth gangs that there were an estimated 760,000 gang members that year. Many of the kids affiliated with gangs come from lower income, single parent homes; therefore, the youths of America often turn to gangs to fill the void of not being part of a â€Å"family†. To combat this problem and save our youth from a life of malfeasance, the people of the communities of America must take a stand against the negative influences that impact†¦show more content†¦Although there is no trend data that would prove that drug trafficking and gangs coincide with one another, there are numerous studies that show that gangs, such as the Chicago Vice Lords, have had substant ial involvement in the drug trade since the mid 1980’s (Decker Howell P2). To fully understand why the level of violence is so high amongst youth gangs, we must first understand what factors can be associated with joining a gang. According to Sue Titus Reid, â€Å"poverty, unstable living conditions, the availability of drugs and alcohol, parents who tolerate or commit violence, falling behind or failing in school, and ‘hanging out’ with delinquents† (Reid, 2008, p.375) are all factors that can contribute to joining a gang. Of course not all gang members fall under all of these categories. However, these are the main contributing factors. Among the factors listed, availability of drugs and/or alcohol and parents who tolerate or commit violence are the two most influential agents for a gang member to commit violence as well. In fact, a child who is exposed to violence in the home is 30-40% more likely to commit violence as they grow older themselves. After joining a gang that percentage increases to 60-70%. The other issue is the involvement of drugs. The drug trade often goes hand in hand with gang activity. There are multiple opinions and arguments as toShow MoreRelatedA Formal Description For A Youth Gang1503 Words   |  7 Pagesinto groups that society often refers to as gangs. It is accurate to say that gangs contribute immensely to crime and delinquency however, to say that this is the purpose of all gangs would be misleading. Gangs should instead be seen as existing on a continuum, some ranging from groups of peers who spend time together and may get into trouble, to others who participate in more serious crimes (Gorden, 2000, p. 4). In terms of a specific definition for a gang, there really is not one that has been fullyRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 Pagesincarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifest yle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offending youths re-assimilate back into society as productive citizens. As previously mentioned, incarcerationRead MoreEssay on Gang Reduction Program1407 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2003 as a response to communities with a large amount and growing number of youth gangs the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), a branch of the U.S. Department of Justice, initiated the Gang Reduction Program (GRP) (U.S. Department of Justice 2008). The formation of gangs is seen as a response to system failures and community dysfunction. As a result, one of OJJPD’s anti-gang initiatives is to make communities safer and have a pro-social environment (U.S. DepartmentRead MoreDisarmament, Demobilization, And Reintegration Of Rebel Groups1729 Words   |  7 Pagesur ges the international community to address the issue through Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR). To do so, the global community must shape the effectiveness and improvement of DDR, as well as specific types of rebel groups such as gangs and drug cartels. Jordan believes that by addressing these issues, the international community can assist Latin America in the restriction of the influence and proliferation of rebel groups. Although Jordan is not in close proximity with Latin AmericaRead MoreYouth Gang Membership : A Serious Problem Affecting Many Youths Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Gang membership is a serious problem affecting many youths in America. Per the National Youth Gang Survey by the U.S. Justice Department puts the number of youths in gangs at only about 302,000. But a 2015 study by G. Gately found that there are more than 1 million youth gang members. Many youth gang members join around 12 and 13 years old, peaking at 14 years of age (Tara Young, 2014). This review will detail the main reasons youths enter gangs, outreach programs that are making a differenceRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have bee n charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), toRead MoreAn Increasing Crime Statistic In The United States Is A1120 Words   |  5 PagesStates is a lot of violence by young gangs. In this case, young gangs tend to kill other young people in a large percentage of incidents these juvenile killers belong to young gangs. Young gangs band together for various reasons and get into trouble with the law are certainly not new in America. Young gangs have been around since the early 1800’s it was formed young kids of low-income immigrants who felt that society held no place for them . The earliest gangs, which flourished in new England, NewRead MoreThe Violence Of Gangs And Gangs1377 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have become one of the nation’s fastest growing problems within recent history. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation about 33,000 violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs with about 2.4 million members are criminally active in the U.S. today. They use violence to control neighborhoods and boost their illegal moneymaking activities, which include but are not limited to: robbery, drug and gun trafficking, fraud, extortion, and prostitute rings. With as much researchRead MoreCanadian Gangs Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesthe definition of a youth gang member. Partnered with the Montreal Police Service, Statistics Canada was able to generate the definition of a gang member: An organized group of adolescents and/or young adults who rely on group intimidation and violence, and commit criminal acts in order to gain power and recognition and/or control certain areas of unlawful activity [2] (Statistics Canada, 2008). Gangs have been around for many years; the founders of some of the original gangs in the United StatesRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 2002 to 206, 20% of all homicides in Urban areas could be attributed to gang violence (McDaniels, 2012). One notable characteristic of gang membership in the United States, is that youth who join gangs are more likely to engage in assault, robbery, felony theft, and breaking and entering, than their non-gang peers (Hill, et al., 2001). The lack of proper parental supervision in communities with high risk factors such as high poverty rates, is closely associated with delinquent behaviors in

Ways of KNowing Free Essays

WHEN Is a focus on the primary medical management of women’s health throughout the phases of a man’s life. Many aspects of a woman’s life are variables that will affect her general health and wellness. For example, relationships, children, career, family, finances, environmental factors, spirituality, and other influences collectively impact a woman’s health and wellness. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of KNowing or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my own nursing experience, I recall a difficult client care situation that perplexed me with serious ethical questions and allowed me to unfold a â€Å"bigger picture† of the woman’s life. This woman contracted HIVE during her first sexual encounter at the age on nineteen. I had the privilege of knowing her when she was the age of thirty-three which for her was the end of her life due to the disease processes. I spent a good deal of time with her In clinical practice and came to a full understanding and appreciation of her life story but not at first. I created many barriers for myself and for her with respect to vast commodities and clinical needs beyond comparison to many other patients I had encountered. The barriers were created because of my intolerance and objectivity I had created against the WAITED population. I learned later that she was the loving mother of a child that she could not physically see because she had lost her eyesight. She was alone. She was abandoned by the father of the child who was the carrier of the HIVE she had contracted. She was angry. She was scared. She was mistreated and abused by her family and the system. My moment of knowing myself finally came when I was able to see myself as being this person. She could have been anybody life story. During this time I was able to re-evaluate my personal feelings and biases and this particular tuition brought to fruitful a nurse that was less Judgmental, more understanding, more tolerant, and most Importantly more knowing. This happened long before I knew there was Integrated Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing. All the while, we nurses have been developing ways of knowing and like many of my fellow undergraduate nurses, I did not acknowledge the term â€Å"Knowing† in the sense of an art. Former clinical experiences have influenced how I acquire knowledge in my latter clinical practice. I use an integrated approach to the collection and analysis of ATA from personal, ethical, and empirical perspectives. Personally, I am aware that I am human and can easily become consumed in opinions and prejudices. I understand that ownership of a prejudice in nursing creates barriers that will not allow the nurse patient relationship to flourish. The nurse’s failure in realizing the self as a potential barrier Is also the nurse’s failure In delivering the most therapeutic and holistic care possible. I consider psychosocial, demographic, ethnic, cultural, and/ or religious factors that may bear weight on a therapeutic plan of care. I pay attention to facial expressions, educational level, language, and family members. Is religious practices that prevent certain treatments? Is the patient in pain? These are important questions that I ask or observe for gathering information and formulating a specific plan of care. What can I do as the primary nurse to be part of a therapeutic clinical plan of care? What can I say to add words of comfort in times of fear? How can I be proactive in the community to raise a level of awareness concerning senseless acts of violence or the spread of disease and infection? Am I using the best possible aseptic techniques to facilitate the most optimal outcomes during wound care and other invasive procedures? A combination of clinical objectivity, personal knowing, and ethical/disciplinary knowing are utilized during clinical practice to ensure I deliver the best care I can to the patients that I serve. The Phenomenon of Interest that I would like to further examine is as follows: Investigating the quality of life and health in infertility. How to cite Ways of KNowing, Papers Ways of Knowing Free Essays I choose to talk on this essay about how they have an Impact on my process of acquiring knowledge are: 1) Emotion 2) Memory 3) Reason I will start with emotion. I believe emotion has a great role on all individuals’ process of acquiring knowledge. That’s because emotion Is Interfering in our choices at all moments. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of Knowing or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example: When I started writing this essay I had to choose three from seven ways of knowing, and my emotions play a key role in this choice because I ended up choosing the ones I like the best, and now I will write a completely different say from which I would if I had chosen any other of the seven ways of knowing and this will have an impact on my process of acquiring knowledge. Another daily example of when emotion comes into its defining role is when we come into the position of having to choose where we are going to eat, at which restaurant. Emotion might lead us to choose our favorite restaurant other than trying out a new restaurant and this is avoiding us to try out new experiences, learn new food tastes and therefore emotion again has an impact on my/everybody process of acquiring knowledge. However emotion might also have a positive impact on ones process of acquiring knowledge. For example, I once traveled to New Zealand and had the chance to bungee Jump. My parents told me not to jump, they were scared that I could hurt myself Jumping, but my emotions told me that I should Jump, that It would be a good experience, something new. And so I did. Exposed myself to something new and therefore learned something, acquired knowledge. And all this positive acquiring of knowledge was only possible because my emotion told me to jump, to try something new. I believe memory has a very negative role on an individual’s process of acquiring knowledge. That’s due to the fact the many times people try something out and have a negative experience and this first negative experience stays in their memory and blocks them from trying this actively again and possibly having a positive second experience. I myself have many example of a blocking first negative experience. For example: When I was a kid, I tried this Russian food called â€Å"standoff’ once and didn’t like it, because of this experience I have never tried it again and this has avoided me from possibly having a positive second experience and possibly liking the dish very much, but the memory from the first negative experience has blocked me from ever having the second try. However memory can have some positive effects on an Individual’s process of aqualung knowledge. For example: You might not have seen a friend for a long time, and you pass by him on the street. If it wasn’t for your memory you might not recognize him and call his attention so that you two could meet each other after so many years and chat. If it wasn’t for your memory (which allowed you to recognize your friend) you would not be able to meet him and chat with him, therefore you would not learn what he has been up too In the last few years. This recognition allowed an encounter which opens has been up too in the last few years). Reason is very similar to emotion, they are linked in a way, some say they are opposites. Reason is present in every decision we make. Using the example from emotion about the restaurants, reason might be present. For example: You might chose between restaurant A and restaurant B because restaurant A serves a type of food you like the best, that’s reason involved in your Judgment. But how can reason affect your process of acquiring knowledge? Well, when studying for a test, you might be undecided whether to study from a book or study from the internet. When taking this decision you will (maybe even unconsciously) use reason to decide whether to study from a book or from the internet, and when you do so you will then have effectively affected your process of acquiring knowledge, as you will now be acquiring knowledge for your test from a different source. One personal example of how reason has affected my process of acquiring knowledge was when I was undecided whether to buy a book called â€Å"How to rap† or a book called â€Å"The www-tang manual†. I used reason on deciding which book to buy, Judging the pros and the cons of each book. And I finally decided to buy â€Å"How to rap†. This truly had an impact on my process of acquiring knowledge because I am now acquiring knowledge from the book â€Å"How to rap† but if my reason process had decided that â€Å"The www-tang manual† was a better book then I would be acquiring knowledge from â€Å"The www-tang manual†. Therefore reason helped me choose between two different sources of knowledge and now I am acquiring knowledge from one of them and not the other, therefore my process of acquiring knowledge has be affected. Reason might not always make you make the best decisions, it all depends on how you’re reasoning process is made, but it surely happens in every decision we cake, Just like emotion. As a conclusion, I believe that all seven ways of knowing has an impact on an individual’s process of acquiring knowledge. Some might be positive sometimes and some might be negative sometimes, but they are always taking a role, no matter if positively or negatively in or decisions and in or process of acquiring knowledge. The seven ways of knowing are present in or day to day lives (as seen in the examples given) and therefore it this important to understand how these impact our process of acquiring knowledge so that we can have better control of the effect these take in our life. How to cite Ways of Knowing, Papers

Ways Of Reading The Tempest Essay Research free essay sample

Wayss Of Reading The Tempest Essay, Research Paper WAYS OF READING THE TEMPEST: Greenblatt Vs Schneider Shakespeare unfavorable judgment has long been recognised as a standard to switch in our critical discourses. The undermentioned paper constitutes an scrutiny of two conflicting discourses. The analysis will be confined to the positions presented in Stephen Greenblatt # 8217 ; s article entitled # 8220 ; Martial Law in the Land of Cockaigne # 8221 ; and Ben Ross Schneider, Jr # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Are We Being Historical Yet? # 8221 ; : Colonialist Interpretations of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Tempest # 8211 ; a competition, if you will, between two different theoretical places as to where the text lies. In his article entitled # 8220 ; Are We Being Historical Yet? # 8221 ; : Colonialist Interpretations of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Tempest, Ben Ross Schneider, Jr extends Carolyn Porter # 8217 ; s review of new historicism to recent work on The Tempest. Included in Schneider # 8217 ; s survey of eight recent analyses of The Tempest, is Stephen Greenblatt # 8217 ; s article # 8220 ; Martial Law in the Land of Cockaigne. # 8221 ; Schneider argues that by taking colonialism as a frame, and so # 8220 ; reifying # 8221 ; it as if it were # 8220 ; coterminus with the bounds of discourse in general, # 8221 ; the new historicists marginalize non merely a big field of relevant modern-day discourse, but besides The Tempest itself ( Schneider 121 ) . Schneider maintains that the great assortment of theoretical underpinning in the set of essays fails to bring forth a corresponding assortment of reading ( Schneider 122 ) . He so proceeds to foreground those countries of the drama which provide the common land for new historicist reading. It is non, nevertheless, the purpose of this paper to analyze the five different countries mentioned by Schneider. What is more of import for the writer, is the competition that exists between the different theoretical places as to where the text lies. The new historicists will be represented by Stephen Greenblatt, the opposing theoretical discourse will take the signifier of Ben Ross Schneider, Jr. Schneider # 8217 ; s hunt for a timeless significance to The Tempest ( a end, which is unusually similar to that of the old autotelic historicist ) rests on an extended field of early modern European discourse, whose roots can be traced back to Roman and Greek beginning paperss. In his effort to set up a specific causal relationship, something that Greenblatt # 8217 ; s circulation of societal energy threatens to wipe out, Schneider maintains that we must analyze the yesteryear. He argues that # 8220 ; before we declare the Jacobean place on colonialism, shouldn # 8217 ; t we know what ethical tools the Jacobeans brought to the undertaking of judging it? # 8221 ; ( Schneider 130 ) This strikes at the bosom of Greenblatt # 8217 ; s statement, as his anecdotes and subsequent avowals stem from the Jacobean place on colonialism. Greenblatt uses the relationship between The Tempest and one of its presumed beginnings, William Strachey # 8217 ; s history of the tempest that struck an English fleet edge for the newcomer settlement at Jamestown, as a theoretical account in order to show the complex circulation between the societal dimension of an aesthetic scheme and the aesthetic dimension of a societal scheme ( Greenblatt 147 ) . The drama was performed long before Strachey # 8217 ; s narrative was printed, but bookmans presume that Shakespeare read a manuscript version of the work, which takes the signifier of a confidential missive written to a certain # 8220 ; baronial lady # 8221 ; ( Greenblatt 147 ) . Greenblatt highlights the significance of the relation between the two texts, or instead what he refers to as # 8220 ; the establishments that the texts serve # 8221 ; ( Greenblatt 148 ) . Harmonizing to Greenblatt, William Strachey was a stockholder and secretary of the Virginia Company # 8217 ; s settlement at Jamestown. Apparently, his missive on the events of 1609-10 was unpublished until 1625 because the Virginia Company was engaged in a vigorous propaganda and fiscal run on behalf of the settlement, and the company # 8217 ; s leaders found Strachey # 8217 ; s study excessively upseting to let it into print ( Greenblatt 148 ) . Shakespeare was besides a stockholder in a joint-stock company, the King # 8217 ; s Men, every bit good as its chief dramatist and erstwhile histrion ( Greenblatt 148 ) . Neither joint-stock company was a direct agent of the Crown and therefore could non trust on royal fiscal support in times of demand. Committed for their endurance to pulling investing capital and turning a net income, both companies depended on their ability to market narratives that would excite, involvement, and attract protagonists ( Greenblatt 148 ) . In his artic le, Greenblatt proposes that the relation between the drama and its alleged beginning is a relation between joint-stock companies. He does, nevertheless, emphasise that these associations do non amount to a direct transportation of belongingss. What takes topographic point is # 8220 ; a system of mimetic instead than contractual exchange # 8221 ; ( Greenblatt 149 ) . Greenblatt advocates that the concurrence of Strachey # 8217 ; s unpublished missive and Shakespeare # 8217 ; s play signals an institutional circulation of culturally important narrations. This circulation has as its cardinal concern the public direction of anxiousness. In his article, Greenblatt demonstrates how the Bermuda narration is made negotiable, turned into a currency that may be transferred from one institutional context to another ( Greenblatt 155 ) . Greenblatt argues that this procedure allows elements from Strachey # 8217 ; s missive to be transformed and recombined with stuffs drawn from other authors about the New World. One such concluding merchandise is William Shakespeare # 8217 ; s The Tempest. As a important point of mention, Schneider references Ruth Kelso # 8217 ; s bibliography of Renaissance books refering to the Doctrine of the English Gentleman ( 1929 ) and The Doctrine for the Lady ( 1956 ) . Schneider emphasises the nexus between Shakespeare # 8217 ; s play and Professor Kelso # 8217 ; s findings, summarized in her 2nd book: # 8220 ; the majority of all that these treatises contain is made up of platitudes, culled largely from the ancients, whose names besprinkle the pages of all authors # 8230 ; . There is plentifulness of grounds that these same platitudes were non of mere academic involvement, for the letters, addresss and fiction of the clip are full of the same thoughts and regulations for behavior # 8221 ; ( Schneider 130 ) . Schneider points out that since both rhetoric and history were given strong moral accent, it may be said that the universities were to a great extent schools of virtuousness. Furthermore, Professor Kelso # 8217 ; s list of those a ncients most normally cited in behavior books consists soley of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero and Seneca ( Schneider 131 ) . Schneider holds that since merely scholars during the Renaissance period normally read Greek, Cicero and Seneca provided the greatest influence in footings of the reading public ( Schneider 131 ) . Harmonizing to Schneider, Cicero # 8217 ; s De Officiis and Seneca # 8217 ; s Essays and Epistles comprised the chief conduits of classical moral though T in Shakespeare’s clip. Schneider adds to his statement that of Ann Jennalie Cook # 8217 ; s, featured in her book The Privileged Playgoers of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s London 1576-1642. Cook # 8217 ; s grounds suggests that the best educated and most well-read section of society composed the chief organic structure of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s audience. Schneider advocators that the field of discourse mentioned above, would hold been a major agencies of communicating between Shakespeare and a audience which was # 8220 ; steeped in classical morality # 8221 ; ( Schneider 132 ) . This platform provides Schneider with the ammo for his averment that Stoicism, like feminist discourse presents, acted as the prevailing discourse during the Renaissance period and accordingly dominated the manner other discourses were understood. Schneider # 8217 ; s averments raise as many inquiries as they seems to reply # 8211 ; the booby trap of any theoretical discourse possibly. In Schneider # 8217 ; s quest for a additive patterned advance of moral thoughts and values, the statement he constructs remainders on another. It assumes two things. First, that Shakespeare # 8217 ; s audience preponderantly consisted of the best educated and most well-read section of society. Second, that the audience who went to watch The Tempest, or any other drama for that affair, must hold been versed or at least familiar with the rules advocated by Cicero and Seneca. If this is non the instance, so Schneider # 8217 ; s statement appears to hold no foundation whatsoever. What occurs is a interruption in Schneider # 8217 ; s linear, causal concatenation. One might reason that such values were built-in in Renaissance society, and when performed were easy identifiable. Such a answer, nevertheless, seems to interrupt away from the fixed, causal relationship that Schneider wishes to enforce and appears to come in the kingdom of circulation. Schneider continues to press place his averments in the 4th country of common land, the # 8220 ; discourse of choler # 8221 ; . Schneider argues that if we identify Prospero as an example of the Senecan angry adult male, his behavior is easier to explicate. For Seneca, choler is one of the two most destructive passions that plague world. Anger [ he says ] is impermanent lunacy. For it is every bit barren of self-denial, forgetful of decency, forgetful of ties, persistent and diligent in whatever it begins, closed to ground and councel, excited by piddling causes, unfit to spot the right and true ( Schneider 133 ) . In an effort to derive credibleness, Schneider highlights the similarity between Prospero and Shakespeare # 8217 ; s list of # 8220 ; angry lunatics # 8221 ; , whose rage drives them down an irreversible class to certain catastrophe, notably Lear, Hotspur, Coriolanus, Macbeth, Othello, and Timon ( Schneider 133 ) . Anger interrupts the narrative of Prospero # 8217 ; s deposition. Anger restrains Ariel # 8217 ; s opposition and punishes Caliban # 8217 ; s insubordination with utmost inhuman treatment. Schneider cites other illustrations of choler within The Tempest, and provinces that Prospero is governed by choler and is non, as romantic critics suppose, in control of his sphere. Schneider one time once more refers to Seneca # 8217 ; s Hagiographas # 8220 ; a adult male can non be called powerful # 8211 ; no, non even free if he is the prisoner of his choler # 8221 ; ( Schneider 133 ) . Schneider uses Seneca # 8217 ; s work to foreground the dramas usage of Stoic linguisti c communication. He maintains that The Tempest incorporates Seneca # 8217 ; s recommended positions when, prompted by his # 8220 ; nobler ground # 8221 ; , Prospero admits his common humanity # 8211 ; admits # 8220 ; experiencing [ the same ] passion as they # 8221 ; ( Schneider 133 ) . Schneider argues that Seneca # 8217 ; s work elucidates other cardinal elements of The Tempest and provides the principle behind Prospero # 8217 ; s behavior. Seneca advocates # 8220 ; that you may non be angry with persons, you must forgive world at big, you must allow indulgence to the human race. # 8221 ; This reveals Prospero # 8217 ; s concluding place with regard to Caliban, # 8220 ; This thing of darkness I acknowledge mine # 8221 ; . On a moral degree Schneider argues, it is # 8220 ; non so perplexing a comment # 8230 ; as it is in the stricly-framed position of colonialist critics # 8221 ; ( Schneider 134 ) . In the 5th country of his analysis, entitled # 8220 ; Discourse of Freedom # 8221 ; , Schneider notes the importance of freedom in The Tempest. Three acts near on freedom, and the drama ends with the word # 8220 ; free. # 8221 ; At the terminal of act 1, Ariel asks for his freedom. At the terminal of act 2, Caliban runs wing shouting # 8220 ; Freedom, high-day! # 8221 ; Act 4 terminals with Prospero assuring Ariel his freedom after one more undertaking ( Schneider 134 ) . Schneider points out that if freedom is mastery, act 3 besides ends on freedom, when Prospero has his enemies where he wants them. Schneider notes the influence of Seneca and the Stoic context that exists before the drama begins, before Antonio usurped Prospero # 8217 ; s dukedom. Prospero sought freedom of the organic structure from the attentions of office and retired to his chamber to analyze the # 8220 ; broad humanistic disciplines # 8221 ; ( Schneider 135 ) . Harmonizing to Schneider, Seneca opposed t he survey of # 8220 ; broad humanistic disciplines # 8221 ; , with the execption of doctrine, because their purpose was to do money. Cicero takes a subdued position of loath decision makers like Prospero, declaring that # 8221 ; to be drawn by survey off from active life is contrary to moral duty. # 8221 ; The nature of Greenblatt # 8217 ; s attack and the flexibleness of his statement makes it hard to assail in a direct mode. While he seems to contradict the influence of authors such as Cicero and Seneca, his construct of circulation allows for the incorporation of new discourses. No specific causal relationship is required. Schneider # 8217 ; s talk about appears to be less flexible. The causal relationship demanded by Schneider and theoreticians like Frank Kermode, requires consecutive, additive patterned advance from one period to another. In other words, a direct nexus. Source X lends itself to beginning Y, which in bend lends itself to Source Z. If Source X is found non to do Source Y so the procedure breaks down. Schneider # 8217 ; s unfavorable judgment of the new historicists, is that they are confined by a model of colonialism and accordingly, are blinded by it. They become limited in the sense that are non unfastened to a broad scope of possibilities. The competition appears to be an eternal argument affecting two discources that, in this writer # 8217 ; s sentiment, can neer be successfully argued to decision because both theories rest on different rules. Any one theory will presume some things in order assume others. Consequently, the theory will be blind to certain countries in order to clarify others. The fast one is to pick that theoretical account which appropriates the most pregnant. In this case, that pick lies with Stephen Greenblatt. Bibliography Stephen Greenblatt, # 8220 ; Martial jurisprudence in the land of Cockaigne # 8221 ; , in Shakespearian Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England ( Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 ) . Ben Ross Schneider, Jr, # 8220 ; Are We Being Historical Yet? # 8221 ; : Colonialist Interpretations of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Tempest, Shakespeare Studies 23 ( 1995 ) , 120-45.

Fiscal Policy and Sovereign Debt Crises

Introduction The term macro in English language has its origin in the Greek language term makros which means large.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fiscal Policy and Sovereign Debt Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Macroeconomics, therefore, studies economic problems from the point of view of entire economy such as aggregate consumption, aggregate employment, national income, and general price level of goods and services (Jain 2007, p. 4). It is the part of economics which studies the over all averages and aggregates of the economic system. In macroeconomics, attention is generally focused on such problems as the level of employment, the rate of inflation, the nation’s total output, and other matters of economic wide significance (Hansen 2003, p. 83). Ordinarily, therefore, macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole or large segment of it. According to Cauvery (2007, p. 51), the scope o f macroeconomics is the use of economic resources at the national level. Apparently, these are the very resources that have their effect on national income, employment, effective demand, aggregate saving, aggregate investment, price level, and the general economic development of a country. This paper discusses two main questions that are related to the subject of macroeconomics. The first part looks at what fiscal policy is and why fiscal deficits and increases in government debt occur. The second part then deals with why some governments have experienced sovereign debt crises and to what extent efforts to reduce government debt risk creating can double-dip recessions. Question 1a: Understanding Fiscal Policy and Why Fiscal Deficits and Increases in Government Debt OccurAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What is Fiscal Policy? According to Dwivedi (2010, p. 601), fiscal polic y can be defined in general terms as a government’s program of making discretionary changes in the pattern and level of its expenditure, taxation, and borrowings in order to achieve certain economic goals such as economic growth, employment, income equality, and stabilization of the economy on the path to growth. Fiscal policy may also be regarded as any decision to change the level, composition, or timing of government expenditure or to vary the burden, structure or frequency of the tax payment (Shaikh 2010, p. 256). It is also the process of shaping taxation and public expenditure to help dampen the swings of the business cycle and contribute to the maintenance of a growing high employment economy that is free from high or volatile inflation. According to Jain (2007, p. 160), fiscal policy is the policy related to revenue and, expenditure of the government for achieving a set of definite objectives. Apparently, fiscal policy relates to treasury or government exchequer and i ts significance has greatly increased in the recent past. In summary, the role of fiscal policy is confined largely to stabilization of employment and price level. A narrow concept of fiscal policy is budgetary policy. Whilst budgetary policy refers to current revenue and expenditure of the financial year, fiscal policy refers to the budgetary operations including both current and capital receipts and expenditure. The essence of fiscal policy lies, in fact, in the budgetary operations of the government. Typically, the two sides of the government budget are receipts and expenditure. The total receipts of the government are made up of tax and non tax revenue and borrowings, including deficit financing. The items in the budget represent the budgetary resources of the government.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Fiscal Policy and Sovereign Debt Crises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government expenditure refer s to the total expenditure made by the government in any given fiscal year. Generally, the total government expenditure is constituted by payments for goods and services, wages and salaries, interest and loan repayments, subsidies, pensions and grants in aid, and so on. From economic analysis point of view, receipt items give the measure of the flow of money from the private sector to the government sector. The government expenditure on the other hand, represents the flow of money from the government to the economy as a whole. The government’s receipts are inflows and expenditures are outflows. Using its statutory powers, the government can change the magnitude and composition of inflows and outflows and thereby the magnitudes of macroeconomic variables which include aggregate consumption expenditure, and private savings and investments. The magnitude and composition of inflows and outflows can be altered by making changes in taxation and government spending. The policy under which these changes are made is called the fiscal policy. The Scope of Fiscal Policy The scope of fiscal policy comprises the fiscal instruments and the target variables. Fiscal instruments are the variables that the government can use and maneuver at its own discretion to achieve certain economic goals. Fiscal instruments include taxation, direct and indirect, government expenditure, transfer payments, grants and subsidies, and public investment. The target variable on the other hand, are the macro variables including disposable income, aggregate consumption expenditure, savings and investment, imports and exports, and the level and structure of prices (Dwivedi 2010, p. 602).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Why Fiscal Deficits and Increases in Government Debt Occur There are various reasons why fiscal deficits and increases in government debt occur. In the United States, for example, the government’s budget deficit is attributed to the country’s poor saving habits. Apparently, most American families save a smaller fraction of their incomes than their counterparts in many other countries such as Japan and Germany. Although the reasons for these international differences are not clear, many policy makers in the United States view the low level of saving as a major problem that drives the government into heavy borrowing in order to meet its obligations to its citizens (Mankiw 2008, p. 282). In most cases, a country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. However, this productivity gets affected when citizens do not save as much as they should since saving is regarded as an important long run determinant of a nation’s level of productivity. If, for instance, the United States could somehow raise its saving level, the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) would increase, and over time, the citizens of the United States of America would enjoy a higher standard of living. Despite the fact that the a country may be driven into budget deficits and subsequent debt as a result of poor saving habits among its citizens, the government also has a major part to play in encouraging its people to save more. Many economists have used this argument to suggest that the low saving rate in the United States is at least partly attributable to unfriendly tax laws that discourage saving. In general, many state governments collect revenue by taxing all forms of income received by individuals or corporations. In response to this problem, many economist and law makers have proposed reforming the tax code so as to encourage greater saving. The effect of such a saving incentive on the market for loanable funds is illustr ated by figure 1 (Mankiw 2008, p. 283). As can be seen from the figure, a change in the tax laws to encourage individuals and corporations to save more would shift the supply of loanable funds to the right from S1 to S2. As a result, the equilibrium interest rate would fall, and the lower interest rate would stimulate investment. Whilst the equilibrium interest rate declines from 5 per cent to 4 percent the total amount that may be given out in form of loans increases from $ 1,200 billions to $ 1,600 billions. Figure 1: Saving Incentives Increase the Supply of Loanable Funds Although this analysis of the effects of increased saving is widely accepted among economists, there is little consensus about what kinds of tax changes should be enacted. Many economists endorse tax reforms aimed at increasing saving to stimulate investment and growth. Others, however, are skeptical that such tax changes would have much effect on national saving. These skeptics also doubt the equity of the pro posed reforms. They argue that, in many cases, the benefits of tax changes would accrue primarily to wealthy people, who are least in the need of tax relief (Gupta 2004, p.124). Fiscal budget deficits and increased borrowing are also attributed to less attractive investment incentives. Tax reforms aimed at making investment more attractive will definitely bring many investors on board and the final result would be an improved economy. An investment tax credit, for example, gives a tax advantage to any firm building a new factory or buying new equipment, and this encourages many to invest. Figure 2 shows the effect of a government budget deficit. Figure 2: Effect of Government Budget Deficit When the government spends more than it receives in tax revenue, the resulting budget deficit lowers national saving. The supply of loanable funds decreases and the equilibrium interest rate rises. As depicted by the figure, when the supply shifts from S1 to S2, the equilibrium interest rate ris es from 5 per cent to 6 per cent, and the equilibrium quantity of loanable funds saved and invested falls from $ 1,200 billions to $ 800 billions. Question 1b: Why some Governments have Experienced Sovereign Debt Crises and to what Extent Efforts to Reduce Government Debt Risk Creating can Double-Dip Recessions As explained previously, some countries have ended up in deficits and heavy spending as a result of having unfriendly tax policies that, to a large extent, lead to low saving by citizens and discourage investments. According to Giles (2012, p. 1), fiscal policy can not provide a lasting solution to all economic problems. There are other factors that also affect the economy. In the United Kingdom, the idea of cutting down government expenditure and the rapid increase in the rate of taxation have failed to yield the desired results. On the contrary, they have are blamed for slow economic growth and high unemployment. This in turn, has forced the government to borrow more in ord er to offset its budget deficit. Summers (2012, p. 1) suggests that a better way to deal with Britain’s economic challenges is to first realize that lack of demand is the main factor that is preventing its economy to progress. According to Krugman and Layard (2012, p. 1), the present economic woes are can be attributed to the fact that many countries are operating based on ideas that worked so many decades ago. There is, therefore, a need to create policies that are suitable for the present economic environment. Among others, most economic problems are caused by irresponsible public borrowing behavior and the high levels of poverty and unemployment which leave many individuals economically powerless. It will, therefore, be beneficial for the government to work hard to empower citizens economically. With friendly economic policies in place, many individuals will be encouraged to participate more actively in growing the economy. Reference List Cauvery, R 2007, Public Finance: F iscal Policy, S. Chand Company Limited, New Delhi. Dwivedi, DN 2010, Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, 3E, Tata McGraw-Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi, India. Giles, C 2012, Fiscal Policy can’t Cure all Britain’s Ills. Web. Gupta, GS 2004, Macroeconomics; Theory and Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. Hansen, B 2003, The Economic Theory of Fiscal Policy, Volume 3, Routledge, London, UK. Jain, TR 2007, Macroeconomics Management, FK Publications, New Delhi, India. Krugman, P Layard, R 2012, A Manifesto for Economic Sense. Web. Mankiw, NG 2008, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH. Shaikh, S 2010, Business Environment, 2/E, Pearson Education India, New Delhi, India. Summers, L 2012, Britain Risks a Lost Decade unless it Changes Course. Web. This report on Fiscal Policy and Sovereign Debt Crises was written and submitted by user Giovani I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Thesis Statement On How Edgar Allan Poes Writings Illuminate His Upbringing

Thesis Statement On How Edgar Allan Poes Writings Illuminate His Upbringing My thesis statement is that Edgar Allan Poe's writings illuminate his upbringing. His writings illuminate his upbringing because his childhood was very hard, full of darkness, and he never experienced love from a parent. Therefore he thought the world was like his life was, dark and dreary. So that is why his stories are always sad, and full of heartbreak.The writings by Edgar Alan Poe are for the most part sad, dark, dreary, and mysterious, they are just like how his life was. After the age of two Poe never had real parents only people who looked after him after his parents died. He didn't know if his home was only temporary or if it was for good, for all he knew the people he was living with could kick him out of their house and stop supporting him. He lived his life day by day not knowing what the next day would bring or if he would have a house to live in the next day.English: Edgar Allan Poe's room

The Chinese Knight Errant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Chinese Knight Errant - Essay Example However, the material realm is inadequate to construct a more complete definition of what it means to be a Knight Errant, as many of the qualities are the abstract concepts that go hand in hand with morality. The Knight Errant is a principle. It is the principle of right and wrong that guides our decisions as we pursue our ethical objectives. When faced with a moral dilemma, a solution could be forthcoming by simply asking ourselves; What would a Knight Errant do In the answer we would find truth, honesty, compassion, obligation, sincerity, respect, and a wealth of human spirituality that makes us genuinely and uniquely a moral human being. The Knight Errant is selfless in their pursuit of justice in the name of righteousness. This is not a half-hearted endeavor to settle a score or seek revenge for a wrong committed against oneself or one's family. The Knight Errant serves righteousness as a subject serves a master. The only purpose of their actions is to remain true to their moral code that mandates doing the right thing without regards to personal cost, loss, or gain. In the story The Sung Founder Escorts Ching-Niang One Thousand Li translated by LS Lieu, the protagonist Chao K'uang-yin escorts a beautiful young lady through treacherous territory on a journey back to her home. The Knight Errant is a perfect gentleman and never pursues the lady from an aspect of lust. Her family questions the fact that any man could be so pure of heart. Chao is genuinely miffed that anyone would question his motives for helping the beautiful girl. When asked about it he flies into a rage and shouts, "I came here out of righteousness, but you've insulted me with such words. If I coveted her beauty, we'd have been married on the way" (74). This was not a false sense of being forced to do the right thing, it was a genuine display of righteousness that transcends our everyday decisions to behave and act in an acceptable manner. The Knight Errant was not simply following his social norms; he was being true to himself and his beliefs. The acts of a Knight Errant, and the core principle of righteousness, carry over across time and culture as we view it from the perspective of our own value system and look at it through the lens of our current social context. While many of the acts may seem violent and gruesome, their horror is diluted by the principle of justice. Just as the Knight Errant is not a man, the deeds they commit are not the acts. A Knight that kills another man is not a murderer, but an instrument of faith that is correcting a past injustice or a current threat. The deed of killing is not murder, but an act that rectifies past wrongs or eliminates present dangers. In addition, the character does not have to carry the label of Knight Errant to perform as one. The entity and its acts are merely the results of the motivation that drives the action. It is not a formalized or well-defined schema. In the story The Lady Knight Errant translated by LS Lieu, a young woman is asked what she is carrying in the lea ther bag by her side. She replies "The head of my enemy" (80). Her friend curiously looks inside the bag. "He saw a bearded head, all smashed and smeared with blood" (80). The woman continues to